Synchronous generator
Change machine parameters and explore rotor motion after a power step or grid-voltage dip.
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The dashed line marks disturbance onset (1 s). Powers are measured at the grid bus; Q > 0 means export to the grid.
How the model works
A round-rotor generator is represented by constant EMF E behind total reactance X, connected to an infinite bus. Grid frequency stays fixed; the Δf trace describes the rotor field. Sᵦ is three-phase apparent-power base and Uᵦ is RMS line-to-line voltage base. Base current is Iᵦ = Sᵦ/(√3 Uᵦ).
dδ/dt = 2πf₀ Δω
dΔω/dt = (Pm − Pe − DΔω)/(2H)
Initial state: δ₀ = arcsin(P₀X/EV), Δω = 0. RK4 uses a 0.002 s step and lands exactly at switching events. “Check step size” repeats the run with 0.001 s. CSV includes parameters and all computed samples.
The run stops if angle drifts by 360° from its initial value or |Δω| reaches 0.1. Saturation, resistance, turbine and excitation controls, subtransient currents and unbalance are omitted. The voltage dip is an imposed input, not a detailed short-circuit calculation.
Theory: swing equation · transient stability · laboratory protocol. Reference model: OpenIPSL GENCLS.